大国基石 | 北斗巡天,定位时空兴百业******
小新说
国有企业是中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础,是国民经济的压舱石。2022年12月28日起,由中央广播电视总台与国务院国资委联合制作的系列纪录片《大国基石》,在央视综合频道黄金时段连续播出,聚焦党的二十大精神在各领域的新实践新气象,集中展现新时代的奋斗者为人民群众的美好生活奠定幸福基石;盘点国之重器与民生保障的密切联系,多视角、多层次、立体化呈现国资央企在推进中国式现代化进程中的使命担当和非凡成就。
今天为您带来第十集《北斗巡天》,看北斗卫星导航系统如何在交通运输、农业生产、防灾减灾、生态保护等方面助力中国产业升级。
古代依靠北斗星判断大致方向和计算时间。如今依靠由中国航天科技集团开发的北斗卫星实现精确时空定位。中国人实现从仰望星空到经略时空的跨越。
广西梧州西江,珠江水系的主通道。长洲水利工程修建后,上下游水面落差较大,来往游船需通过船闸到水坝对面,现在,通过手机客户端,每艘船仅需50秒完成报到和缴费手续。
在北斗卫星帮助下,西江船闸运行调度中心,可以实时掌握每艘船的位置。船与船闸的配合,船长与调度中心的呼应,精准对接、一气呵成。在保证船只过闸安全性的同时,通行效率也大大提高。
上海市精确导航和自动驾驶能够解决交通拥堵、减少交通事故。但需要北斗实时定位精度,必须达到厘米级。智能网联汽车要实现高等级自动驾驶,对于定位精度有着厘米级的要求。
北斗卫星的地基增强站,作用是提升北斗卫星信号的精度和稳定性。它们与卫星天地协同,满足国土测绘、精准农业、自动驾驶等众多需求。
新疆喀什拖拉机安装北斗定位导航,可以真正实现无人自动驾驶。北斗导航系统让播种机实现无人驾驶以及不分昼夜全天干活。
广西 河池天峨县龙滩水电站,国家西部大开发标志性工程之一,“西电东送”重要组成部分。北斗三号卫星导航系统建成后,这里第一时间安装北斗自动化监测设备,大大减少了人工测量的工作量。
北斗系统大幅提升位置服务能力,从米级提高到分米级、厘米级、毫米级,给数字信息社会提供精准时空信息,更准确地为社会提供服务。
湖北武汉北斗能够实现精确的定位、导航,因其卫星上有一块特殊的“表”,名叫星载原子钟。卫星导航利用无线电波传播来导航,无线电波以光速传播,要达到一米的测量精度,就要把光传播一米的时间测准,这只能靠原子钟。
北斗三号卫星,全部装载国产高精度星载原子钟,保证北斗优于20纳秒的授时精度。金融交易中,时间决定着资金的安全。北斗高精度授时,为金融系统提供精确的时间安全保障。
福建 莆田湄洲岛茫茫大海中手机没有信号。准确的位置对于救援十分关键,海防大队收到一条紧急求救的短报文信息,它类似于手机短信,但却是由北斗卫星发送的。
渔业是北斗卫星导航系统应用最早,也最为广泛的行业之一。短报文是中国北斗的独门秘技。赤潮被称为“有害藻类”或“红色幽灵”,为了实时掌握赤潮的发生时间、位置和规模,技术人员结合北斗定位技术,研发出船载的赤潮检测系统,为赤潮的早期防控提供有效预警。
在中国科学家们的攻关下,普通智能手机也能给北斗卫星发送短报文。采用国产自主可控工艺制造,支持短报文通信的国产智能手机已经推出。
今天中国北斗已具备实时厘米级、事后毫米级的高精度定位能力。中国北斗的行业应用不断深化,应用场景更加丰富。中国北斗面向全球用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度服务。
《大国基石》首批播出13集,包括《气蕴华夏》《城市绿心》《追风逐日》《聚能动力》《智连未来》《绿电动脉》《海上天路》《强国之翼》《乌金奇迹》《北斗巡天》《天河筑梦》《一江碧水》《化生万物》等。
12月28日起,《大国基石》每天18:20在央视综合频道CCTV-1播出,敬请收看!
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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)